Talk abstract details

We show that the population of hot low-mass evolved stars (HOLMES) in galaxies, i.e. nuclei of planetary nebulae and their remnants, can easily explain two long-standing problems of extragalactic astronomy: the ionization and heating of the diffuse interstellar medium in spirals and the observed emission-line spectra of ellipticals.
We present quantitative models for both types of galaxies and confront them to observations.